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Saraswati is known by many names in ancient Hindu literature. Some examples of synonyms for Saraswati include Brahmani (power of Brahma), Brahmi (goddess of sciences), [17] Bharadi (goddess of history), Vani and Vachi (both referring to the flow of music/song, melodious speech, eloquent speaking respectively), Varnesvari (goddess of letters), Kavijihvagravasini (one who dwells on the tongue of poets). [18] [1] The Goddess Saraswati is also known as Vidyadatri (Goddess who provides knowledge), Veenavadini (Goddess who plays Veena, the musical instrument held by Goddess Saraswati), Pustakadharini (Goddess who carries a book), Veenapani (Goddess who carries a veena in her hands), Hamsavahini (Goddess who sits on swan) and Vagdevi (Goddess of speech).
In Tibet and parts of India, Nilasaraswati is sometimes considered as a form of Mahavidya Tara. Nila Saraswati is not much a different deity from traditional Saraswati, who subsumes her knowledge and creative energy in tantric literature. Though the traditional form of Saraswati is of calm, compassionate, and peaceful one: Nila Saraswati is the ugra (angry, violent, destructive) manifestation in one school of Hinduism, while the more common Saraswati is the saumya (calm, compassionate, productive) manifestation found in most others. In tantric literature of the former, Nilasaraswati has 100names. There are separate dhyana shlokas and mantras for Saraswati Pata. The painting is divided into nine parts. In three central panels a temple enshrining Saraswati and her vahana, Hamsa, are depicted. Other panels are filled with attendants, musicians, dancers and Jain monks. Jain style, Gujarat, 1475–1500. National Museum, New Delhi. Nisaba, also known as Nidaba and Naga, is the Sumerian goddess of wisdom, writing, communication, and the gods’ scribes. Her name can be translated as She who teaches the divine laws or decrees. According to the legend, the goddess invented literacy so she could communicate divine laws and other matters to humankind. She was often associated with the Egyptian goddess of wisdom, Seshat. Odin, god of wisdom who nevertheless relentlessly keeps searching for more knowledge; associated with the runesThe word Saraswati appears both as a reference to a river and as a significant deity in the Rigveda. In initial passages, the word refers to the Sarasvati River and is mentioned as one among several northwestern Indian rivers such as the Drishadvati. Saraswati, then, connotes a river deity. In Book2, the Rigveda describes Saraswati as the best of mothers, of rivers, of goddesses. [12]
The sacred image of Athena, a wood statue called the Palladium, protected the Trojans as long as they had it. Hart, George (2005). The Routledge Dictionary of Egyptian Gods and Goddesses. New York: Routledge. p.141 . Retrieved 8 July 2022. Augustine, of Hippo, Saint, 354–430. (2008) [1950]. The city of God. Catholic University of America Press. ISBN 978-0-8132-1108-4. OCLC 647919892. {{ cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( link) Schmitz, Leonhard (1867). "Achaea (2)". In Smith, William (ed.). Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology. Vol.1. Boston. p.8. Archived from the original on 2005-07-10 . Retrieved 2007-09-26. {{ cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( link) Seshat is attested from the Second Dynasty, where she assists King Khasekhemwy with the " stretching the cord" ritual. [1] Roles [ edit ]
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Cavanagh, Terry (1997). Public sculpture of Liverpool. Liverpool University Press. pp.70–1. ISBN 9780853237112. Seshat ( Ancient Egyptian: sš3t, under various spellings [2]) was the ancient Egyptian goddess of writing, wisdom, and knowledge. She was seen as a scribe and record keeper; her name means "female scribe". [1] She is credited with inventing writing. She also became identified as the goddess of sciences, accounting, architecture, astronomy, astrology, building, mathematics, and surveying.
A goddess Sophia was introduced into Anthroposophy by its founder, Rudolf Steiner, in his book The Goddess: From Natura to Divine Sophia [18] and a later compilation of his writings titled Isis Mary Sophia. Sophia also figures prominently in Theosophy, a spiritual movement which Anthroposophy was closely related to. Helena Blavatsky, the founder of Theosophy, described it in her essay What is Theosophy? as an esoteric wisdom doctrine, and said that the "Wisdom" referred to was "an emanation of the Divine principle" typified by "…some goddesses—Metis, Neitha, Athena, the Gnostic Sophia…" [19] Chista, goddess of wisdom and knowledge, she leads the mortals to the right way in life and the afterlife; she is also the goddess of religion in Zoroastrian mythology. [26] In Greek mythology, Athena was portrayed as a warrior goddess with intelligence, wisdom, creativity and strength. She frequently features in classical Greek art on coins, paintings etc. During the Renaissance, she was one of the favorite subject of painters; and in the 17th and 18th century, she was associated in art with powerful female rulers like Queen Elizabeth I of England and Queen Catherine II of Russia. Athena continues to be used in popular culture as a symbol of wisdom, learning and women empowerment. She featured in the popular American television series called Xena: Warrior Princess. In it, she is portrayed as a goddess with higher consciousness of expressing the emotion and the imagination. Versluis, Arthur (1994). Theosophia: hidden dimensions of Christianity. Hudson, N.Y.: Lindisfarne Press. ISBN 0-940262-64-9.Whapiya/ Wóhpe, Lakota spirit of knowledge, wishes, dreams, visions, prophecy and the wife of Okaga the south wind The Romans celebrated her festival from March 19 to March 23 during the day that is called, in the neuter plural, Quinquatria, the fifth day after the Ides of March, the nineteenth, an artisans' holiday. This festival was of deepest importance to artists and craftsmen as she was the patron goddess of crafting and arts. [13] According to Ovid ( Fasti 3.809) the festival was 5 days long, and the first day was said to be the anniversary of Minerva's birth, so no blood was to be shed. The following four days were full of games of "drawn swords" in honour of Minerva's military association. [14] Suetonius tells us (Life of Domitian 4.4) that Domitian celebrated the Quinquatria by appointing a college of priests who were to stage plays and animal games in addition to poetry and oratory competitions. [15] A lesser version, the Minusculae Quinquatria, was held on the Ides of June, June 13, by the flute-players, as Minerva was thought to have invented the flute. [12] In 207 BC, a guild of poets and actors was formed to meet and make votive offerings at the temple of Minerva on the Aventine Hill. Among others, its members included Livius Andronicus. The Aventine sanctuary of Minerva continued to be an important center of the arts for much of the middle Roman Republic.
Philo, a Hellenized Jew writing in Alexandria, attempted to harmonize Platonic philosophy and Jewish scripture. Also influenced by Stoic philosophical concepts, he used the Koine term lógos ( λόγος) for the role and function of Wisdom, a concept later adapted by the author of the Gospel of John in its opening verses and applied to Jesus as the Word ( Logos) of God the Father. [3] Minerva was worshiped as a part of the Capitoline triad, together with Juno and Jupiter. In Rome, the shrine of Aventine was dedicated to her, and it was the place where guilds of craftsmen, poets, and actors would gather. Her cult was the most dominant during the rule of the emperor Domitian, who chose her to be his patron goddess and special protectress. 7- Nisaba Hunt, Priscilla (2007). "Confronting the End: The Interpretation of the Last Judgment in a Novgorod Wisdom Icon". Byzantino-Slavica. 65: 275–325.Bulgakov, Sergei (2005). "Hypostasis and hypostaticity: scholia to the unfading light". St. Vladimir's Theological Quarterly. 49 (1–2): 5–46. In Celtic mythology, Danu, also known as Dana and Anu, was the goddess of wisdom, intellect, inspiration, fertility, and wind. Her name stems from the ancient Irish word dan, meaning poetry, wisdom, knowledge, art, and skill. Seshat was most commonly depicted as wearing a plain sheath dress covered with panther skin. She would also wear a headpiece with horns, a star that had her name inscribed as well as a carved palm rib that symbolized the passing of time.
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