The Dog Encyclopedia: The Definitive Visual Guide

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a b c d e f g Ostrander, Elaine A.; Wang, Guo-Dong; Larson, Greger; Vonholdt, Bridgett M.; Davis, Brian W.; Jagannathan, Vidyha; Hitte, Christophe; Wayne, Robert K.; Zhang, Ya-Ping (2019). "Dog10K: An international sequencing effort to advance studies of canine domestication, phenotypes, and health". National Science Review. 6 (#4): 810–824. doi: 10.1093/nsr/nwz049. PMC 6776107. PMID 31598383. Daniels, Thomas; Bekoff, Marc (27 November 1989). "Population and Social Biology of Free-Ranging Dogs, Canis familiaris". Ecology Collection.

They are sometimes called "canines" from the Latin word for dog - canis. Wolves are also canids. A baby dog is called a pup or puppy. A dog is called a puppy until it is about one year old. [6]Korea dog meat campaigners accused of hypocrisy". The Straits Times. Agence France-Presse. 27 December 2017.

The dog is probably the most widely abundant large carnivoran living in the human environment. [73] [74] Lea, Stephen E. G.; Osthaus, Britta (2018). "In what sense are dogs special? Canine cognition in comparative context". Learning & Behavior. 46 (4): 335–363. doi: 10.3758/s13420-018-0349-7. PMC 6276074. PMID 30251104.

Dogs are sometimes referred to as "man's best friend" because they are kept as domestic pets, are usually loyal, and like being around humans. Dogs like to be petted, but only when they can first see the petter's hand before petting; one should never pet a dog from behind. Dogs are also vulnerable to some of the same health conditions as humans, including diabetes, dental and heart disease, epilepsy, cancer, hypothyroidism, and arthritis. Wayne, R.; Ostrander, Elaine A. (1999). "Origin, genetic diversity, and genome structure of the domestic dog". BioEssays. 21 (#3): 247–257. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1521-1878(199903)21:3<247::AID-BIES9>3.0.CO;2-Z. PMID 10333734. S2CID 5547543.

John J. Ensminger, Police and Military Dogs: Criminal Detection, Forensic Evidence, and Judicial Admissibility (CRC Press, 2012).Robbins, Nancy (14 February 2012). Domestic Cats: Their History, Breeds and Other Facts. Nancy Robbins. p.52. ISBN 978-1-4700-7538-5.