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On Sacred Grounds: The Material Culture and Ritual Formation of the Confucian Temple in Late Imperial China". Association for Asian Studies. Archived from the original on 2015-03-18 . Retrieved 2014-08-05. Clements, Jonathan (2008). Confucius: A Biography. Stroud, Gloucestershire, England: Sutton Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7509-4775-6. Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2005). "Confucianism: An Overview". In Encyclopedia of Religion (Vol. C, pp.1890–1905). Detroit: MacMillan Reference Nivison, David Shepherd (1999). "The Classical Philosophical Writings – Confucius". In Loewe, Michael; Shaughnessy, Edward (eds.). The Cambridge History of Ancient China. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 752–759. ISBN 978-0-521-47030-8.

The Shiji stated that the neighboring Qi state was worried that Lu was becoming too powerful while Confucius was involved in the government of the Lu state. [38] According to this account, Qi decided to sabotage Lu's reforms by sending 100 good horses and 80 beautiful dancing girls to the duke of Lu. [38] The duke indulged himself in pleasure and did not attend to official duties for three days. Confucius was disappointed and resolved to leave Lu and seek better opportunities, yet to leave at once would expose the misbehavior of the duke and therefore bring public humiliation to the ruler Confucius was serving. Confucius therefore waited for the duke to make a lesser mistake. Soon after, the duke neglected to send to Confucius a portion of the sacrificial meat that was his due according to custom, and Confucius seized upon this pretext to leave both his post and the Lu state. Cai, Zong-qi (July 1999). "In Quest of Harmony: Plato and Confucius on Poetry". Philosophy East and West. 49 (3): 317–345. doi: 10.2307/1399898. JSTOR 1399898. Archived from the original on 2021-06-01 . Retrieved 2021-04-13. Due to a naming taboo regarding the birth name of the fourth king of Goryeo Gwangjong, born "Wang So" ( Korean: 왕소; Hanja: 王昭). Hobson, John M. (2004). The Eastern origins of Western civilisation (Reprinteded.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-54724-6.Kong, Demao; Ke, Lan; Roberts, Rosemary (1988). The house of Confucius (Translateded.). London: Hodder & Stoughton. ISBN 978-0-340-41279-4. Confucius together with Moses and Muhammad among the greatest legislators of the past, by Jean-Baptiste Mauzaisse (1827), Louvre Palace Descendants of Confucius in South Korea Seek Roots in Quzhou". Quzhou.China. 2014-05-19. Archived from the original on 2015-02-04 . Retrieved February 4, 2015. Smith, D. Howard (September 1958). "Chinese Concepts of the Soul". Numen. Brill. 5 (3): 165–179. doi: 10.2307/3269371. JSTOR 3269371.

Confucius's political thought is based upon his ethical thought. He argued that the best government is one that rules through "rites" ( lǐ) and people's natural morality, and not by using bribery and coercion. He explained that this is one of the most important analects: "If the people be led by laws, and uniformity sought to be given them by punishments, they will try to avoid the punishment, but have no sense of shame. If they be led by virtue, and uniformity sought to be given them by the rules of propriety, they will have the sense of the shame, and moreover will become good." ( Analects 2.3, tr. Legge). This "sense of shame" is an internalisation of duty, where the punishment precedes the evil action, instead of following it in the form of laws as in Legalism. [ citation needed]

Nottingham Confucius Institute

Banning, B. Paul. "AAS Abstracts: China Session 45". aas2.asian-studies.org. Archived from the original on 2016-10-06. Wang, Dave. "Benjamin Franklin and China" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2021-04-11 . Retrieved 2021-04-11. Riegel, Jeffrey K. (1986). "Poetry and the legend of Confucius's exile". Journal of the American Oriental Society. 106 (1): 13–22. doi: 10.2307/602359. JSTOR 602359. Confucius's descendants were repeatedly identified and honored by successive imperial governments with titles of nobility and official posts. They were honored with the rank of a marquis 35 times since Gaozu of the Han dynasty, and they were promoted to the rank of duke 42 times from the Tang dynasty to the Qing dynasty. Emperor Xuanzong of Tang first bestowed the title of "Duke Wenxuan" on Kong Suizhi of the 35th generation. In 1055, Emperor Renzong of Song first bestowed the title of " Duke Yansheng" on Kong Zongyuan of the 46th generation. [ citation needed]

Berger, Peter (February 15, 2012). "Is Confucianism a Religion?". The American Interest. Archived from the original on August 17, 2015 . Retrieved August 13, 2015. Siddhars". www.satsang-darshan.com. Archived from the original on 2023-05-12 . Retrieved 2023-05-12.In 2013, a DNA test performed on multiple different families who claimed descent from Confucius found that they shared the same Y chromosome as reported by Fudan University. [129] Richey, Jeffrey L. (28 August 2018). "Confucius". Oxford Bibliographies: Chinese Studies. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi: 10.1093/OBO/9780199920082-0163. Archived from the original on 8 March 2022 . Retrieved 8 March 2022. (subscription required) Knechtges, David R.; Shih, Hsiang-ling (2010). " Lunyu 論語". In Knechtges, David R.; Chang, Taiping (eds.). Ancient and Early Medieval Chinese Literature: A Reference Guide, Part One. Leiden: Brill. pp.645–650. ISBN 978-90-04-19127-3. Archived from the original on 2021-06-20 . Retrieved 2018-10-27. Confucius' Family Tree Recorded Biggest". China Daily. 24 September 2009. Archived from the original on 24 October 2012 . Retrieved 24 September 2009. According to the Zuozhuan, Confucius returned home to his native Lu when he was 68, after he was invited to do so by Ji Kangzi, the chief minister of Lu. [40] The Analects depict him spending his last years teaching 72 or 77 disciples and transmitting the old wisdom via a set of texts called the Five Classics. [ citation needed]

DNA test to clear up Confucius confusion". Ministry of Commerce of the People's Republic of China. 18 June 2006. Archived from the original on 7 July 2011 . Retrieved 31 May 2009. Descendants and Portraits of Confucius in the Early Southern Song" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-09-13 . Retrieved 2016-05-03. Allinson, Robert E. (December 1998). "Complementarity as a Model for Eastwest Integrative Philosophy". Intorcetta, Prospero; etal., eds. (1687), Confucius Sinarum Philosophus, sive, Scientia Sinensis Latine Exposita [ Confucius, Philosopher of the Chinese, or, Chinese Knowledge Explained in Latin] , Paris: Daniel Horthemels . (in Latin)

Burstein, Andrew (October 2007). "Review: Jefferson in Confucian Relief". William and Mary Quarterly. JSTOR 25096753. Archived from the original on 2021-08-09 . Retrieved 2021-04-12.