Nespresso Lattissima One Automatic One touch Pod Coffee Machine with Integrated Milk Frother for Espresso, Cappuccino and Latte by De'Longhi in White

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DNA was extracted from dried tissue pieces of each individual of around 10–15 mm 2 with the NucleoSpin ® Plant II Kit (Macherey-Nagel, Germany), applying minor adaptations to the manufacturers’ protocol: The algal material was ground using dry silica sand and extra lysis buffer to dilute overly viscous samples. The cell lysis step was extended to a minimum of 1h to allow for maximum DNA recovery. Lastly, an additional centrifugation step at 11,000 g (3min) was applied before elution of the DNA. Raw DNA extracts were stored at −20°C. The DM content of the tissue discs was determined by drying the discs at 105 °C until the weight was stabilized, and hereafter calculated as percentage of fresh biomass: dry weight (DW)/fresh weight (FW) × 100. Hereafter, the dry disc was finely milled and homogenized before further analysis. Strong positive correlations were detected between mannitol and both length and width, leading to comparable length:width ratios, even though the overall size significantly decreased along the salinity gradient. Phlorotannins revealed a strong positive correlation with length, but not width, which was reflected in the strong positive correlation with length:width. C:N correlated moderately positively with both length and width, and accordingly, no correlation with length:width was found. Comparable to the latitudinal data-set, total N increased with decreasing overall size of the sporophytes. Furthermore, a moderate positive correlation was found between length and total C. However, these differences were not reflected in a correlation between total N or total C and length:width. 3.4 Habitat-specificity of biochemical profiles Henley WJ, Dunton KH (1997) Effects of nitrogen supply and continuous darkness on growth and photosynthesis of the arctic kelp Laminaria solidungula. Limnol Oceanogr 42:209–216 Kent Wildlife Trust, 2018.Biological survey of the intertidal chalk reefs between Folkestone Warren and Kingsdown, Kent 2009-2011.Occurrence dataset: https://www.kentwildlifetrust.org.uk/ accessed via NBNAtlas.org on 2018-10-01.

The artificial induction of sori produced fertile sporophytes in all treatments, demonstrating that sporogenesis in S. latissima can be successfully induced during summer, when no fertile sporophytes are present in nature, also confirming previous studies (Pang and Lüning 2004; Forbord et al. 2012). The sporogenesis and formation of sori however were most pronounced in darkness, considering both the number of sporophytes successfully induced to fertility and the spore release density from the fertile tissue. This was in contrast to our hypothesis, as previous studies have shown that short day lengths and high light intensities are optimal for the formation of sori in S. latissima and S. japonica (Mizuta et al. 1999a; Pang and Lüning 2004). In this study, there was no positive effect of increasing light intensities and no benefit of exposing the sporophytes to a short day photoperiod as compared to darkness. Even though the light sources were unintendedly interrupted for up to 5 days during this experiment, this interruption did not break the continuity of the dark treatment, and the result of obtaining spores from sporophytes matured in darkness is therefore not questionable. The release of viable spores from fertile sporophytes artificially induced in darkness was comparable to and in the high end of what was observed from fertile sporophytes collected in nature from the same population, suggesting that this method can successfully be used to obtain viable spores for hatchery operations. There are currently five different Nespresso Lattissima machine models made by De’Longhi – the Gran, Pro, Plus, Touch and One. As you will see in my Nespresso Lattissima comparison guide below, the Gran and Pro have some additional features that the other three don’t. That is why they are more expensive. Lattissima Model The filaments of female gametophytes are, on average, approximately 10 µm in diameter and those of males are usually half of that (Kain, 1979). Male gametophytes are more branched than females and have more numerous, smaller and paler cells.For the gametophytes and young sporophytes of Saccharina latissima, the upper temperature tolerance is 22 °C. Lee & Brinkhuis (1988) reported growth of gametophytes in Long Island Sound at 23 °C. This temperature has also been reported as the maximum survival temperature for vegetatively growing Saccharina latissima (studied as Laminaria saccharina) gametophytes (from three European populations), although after a week all plants had disintegrated (Bolten & Lüning, 1982). Lüning, (1990) reported the upper temperature tolerance of gametophytes as around 20 °C with a suppressed growth below 10 °C. Each sporangium contains 32 zoospores that develop into microscopic dioecious haploid gametophytes. To document the seasonal pattern of reproduction of S. latissima in inner Danish waters, with the hypothesis that the seasonal pattern of sori formation in S. latissima in Danish waters is similar to the generally described pattern in North Atlantic waters, where S. latissima is reproductive during winter Different populations are often treated as homogenous physiological units, independent of the species’ distribution ( Reed etal., 2011). However, a direct comparison of different populations of the same kelp species is difficult as they exhibit habitat-specific physiological traits ( King etal., 2018; Liesner etal., 2020; Martins etal., 2020; Diehl etal., 2021). For that reason, we aimed to characterize habitat-specific biochemical signatures in S. latissima. vegetative growth of the gametophyte to form either a larger single-celled female gametophyte or, in the case of male gametophytes, a few small cells, and

SST revealed a moderate positive correlation with length:width, since sporophytes grew overall wider in colder regions. The length:width ratio was not significantly affected by sampling depth or by salinity, although, the overall size (length and width) of the samples decreased with increasing salinity. The sporophytes sampled in MUR and AMO were considerably smaller than the other samples ( Table S.1). 3.2.2 Biochemistry vs. abiotic dataRoyal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 2018. Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh Herbarium (E). Occurrence dataset: https://doi.org/10.15468/ypoair accessed via GBIF.org on 2018-10-02. It is unlikely that changes to the water flow rate would adversely affect populations of Saccharina latissima and an intolerance of low has been recorded. Recovery should be high because the species rapidly colonizes cleared areas of the substratum. Kain (1975) recorded that Saccharina latissima (studied as Laminaria saccharina) was abundant six months after substratum was cleared. In the laboratory, under optimal conditions, it took at least eight months to reach the size of fertile plants in the field with blades between 1-2 m long (Gerard, unpublished, cited in Gerard & Du Bois, 1988). Mannitol did not correlate with SST or sampling depth, but showed a moderate negative correlation with salinity, thus revealing lower mannitol concentrations at higher salinities. A moderate negative correlation between phlorotannin content and sampling depth was detected, with lower concentrations measured in samples from greater depth, but there was no correlation with salinity or SST. Higher SST led to enhanced total C as well as increased total nitrogen (N) concentrations, resulting in an unchanged C:N ratio. In contrast, C:N revealed a strong negative correlation with salinity, although this can be entirely ascribed to the remarkably high N concentrations ( Table S.1) in the samples from MUR and AMO (S A 35). Neither C:N, nor total C or total N correlated with sampling depth. 3.2.3 Morphology vs. biochemistry In terms of the effects of lower water temperatures on Saccharina latissima, 100 % of embryos germinated at 0 °C but the growth of primary cells was limited when compared to cells grown at 10 °C (<10 µm and >16 µm after 16 days respectively). Saccharina latissima occurs in a high-arctic Fjord in Greenland where bottom water temperatures are below 0 °C all year (Borum et al., 2002).